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Japanese Buddhist pantheon
The Japanese Buddhist Pantheon designates the multitude (the Pantheon) of various Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and lesser deities and eminent religious masters in Buddhism. A Buddhist Pantheon exists to a certain extent in Mahāyāna, but is especially characteristic of Vajrayana Esoteric Buddhism, including Tibetan Buddhism and especially Japanese Shingon Buddhism, which formalized it to a great extent. In the ancient Japanese Buddhist Pantheon, more than 3,000 Buddhas or deities have been counted, although nowadays most temples focus on one Buddha and a few Bodhisattvas.〔(''Religion of the Samurai'' Kaiten Nukariya p.87 )〕
==History==
Early, pre-sectarian Buddhism had a somewhat vague position on the existence and effect of deities. Indeed, Buddhism is often considered atheistic on account of its denial of a creator god and human responsibility to it. However, nearly all modern Buddhist schools accept the existence of gods of some kind; the main point of divergence is on the influence of these gods. Of the major schools, Theravada tends to de-emphasize the gods, whereas Mahayana and Vajrayana do not.
The rich Buddhist Pantheon of northern Buddhism ultimately derives from Vajrayana and Tantrism.〔''An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism'' Benoytosh Bhattacharyya p.120 ()〕 The historical devotional roots of pantheistic Buddhism seem to go back to the period of the Kushan Empire.〔''Buddhist art & antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, up to 8th century A.D.'' Omacanda Hāṇḍā p.82 ()〕 The first proper mention of a Buddhist Pantheon appears in the 3-4th century ''Guhyasamāja'', in which five Buddhas are mentioned, the emanations of which constitute a family:〔〔''An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism'' Benoytosh Bhattacharyya p.121 ()〕
By the 9th century under the Pala king Dharmapala, the Buddhist Pantheon had already swelled to about 1,000 Buddhas.〔''Buddhist art & antiquities of Himachal Pradesh, up to 8th century A.D.'' Omacanda Hāṇḍā p.83 ()〕 In Japan, Kūkai introduced Shingon Esoteric Buddhism and its Buddhist Pantheon, also in the 9th century.〔''The body: toward an Eastern mind-body theory'' Yasuo Yuasa, Thomas P. Kasulis p.125 ()〕
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